The first particle accelerator was built more around the time of 1927 (resonance linear accelerator) about eight years after Rutherford first split the nucleus. But not too sure one that, I have other sources saying 1929, but definitely not as late as 1972. I do know that the first successful cyclotron (a type of circular particle accelerator, which was basically the ground work for the cynchrocyclotron spelling?) was built and tested in 1931 by Ernest Lawrence.
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Sort of. Particle accelerators are anything that take particles (usually electrons or protons) and accelerate them to high speeds. Super colliders are really powerful particle accelerators along with a bunch of equipment to measure what happens when the particles collide. So when someone talks about a particle accelerator, they're usually talking about colliders. But there are lots of things that are particle accelerators that aren't colliders. The old CRT computer monitors (heavy ones that are about as deep as they are wide) accelerate electrons and shoot them into the glass plate in front to make light, so there's a particle accelerator inside.
The first power plant was built in Bavarian in 1878
Trevithick, a british engineer built the first steam locomotive in 1804
The first commercial nuclear power plant in the US was built in 1957 in Shippingport, Pennsylvania. The first commercial nuclear power plant in the world was built in 1956 in Calder Hill, UK.
Energy changes from ball to ball down the accelerator just as it does in Newton's cradle. It functions on the transfer of momentum.