Strain is the measure of length change per unit length.
Elongation usually refers to strain under load at failure point.
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Strain aging could be described as " normal wear and tear " or the fatigue that is experienced under normal conditions, whereas Dynamic strain would be an out of the normal range stress condition like a one time over stress condition where the sum of much strain aging is experienced in one " dynamic" occurrence.
The essential difference is that the bonded strain gauges are bonded on to the specimen whose strain is being measured whereas the unbonded strain gauges are not bonded on to the specimen. As the bonded strain gauges are well bonded on to the specimen, the entire strain being experienced by the specimen is transferred to the strain gauge. However, the bonded strain gauges are affected by temperature changes and also due to transverse strains.For transverse strains and ambient temperature compensations, suitable circuits for compensation can be used using Wheatstone's bridge. The unbonded strain gauges cannot transfer the strain of the specimen to the strain gauge and hence it is used mainly for displacement, or pressure or force transducers. It is least affected by transverse strain and temperature compensation of unbonded gauges cis automatically eliminated using Wheatstone's bridge.
E is generally taken to be the elastic constant known as Young's modulus which describes the relationship between axial stress and axial strain where Hooke's law still applies (i.e. linear elasticity). Nu is Poisson's ratio which is the relationship between axial strain and radial or transverse strain. For more information, please see the related link.
First of all i guess the right question is difference between strain and deformation. Actually the strain is deformation in a material over its original length. So strain is a relative quantity while deformation is simply change in length, hence absolute and is new length minus original length. Strain= deformation(L2-L1)/original length(L1)
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