ANSI = American National Standards Institute ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers ANSI is mainly a standards-keeping institution. ASME issues standards, but has other activities also (they publish a magazine, for instance).
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OSHA is a US Federal Agency in the Department of Labor charged with regulating the minimum requirements for health and safety in the workplace.
ASME is a professional engineering society that has no regulatory authority but gathers the expertise of engineering professionals to make recommendations, among its other functions..
OSHA and ASME do work together in making sure that health and safety is prioritized in a lot of workplaces.
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An ASME "U" stamp designates a vessel as a "pressure vessel" as defined and regulated by ASME codes
Simply, A105 is an ASTM standard for a ratedsteel where SA105 is the ASME standard for (nominally the same) rated steel. Basically, they are the same, although SA105 has additional applications beyond A105 according to ASME standards.
U and R stamps are ASME codes certification Stamps, qualifying organisations for the manufacture(ie fabrication) and repair and/or alteration of pressure vessels-in line with ASME boiler and pressure vessel codes(check ASME IX, ASMEViii Div 1). The U stamp is for fabrication of pressure vessels and the R stamp is for repair and/or alteration of pressure vessels. These are stamped on the finished work signifying complete compliance with the code requirements. (Contribution from Michael Obinna Okoye odu-Nigeria)
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