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direct stress is a stress normal to the cross section, A, and is the result of an axial load, P.

direct stress = P/A

Bending stress also acts normal to the cross section but varies from tension on one side and compression on the other. and is the result of a bending moment, M.

bending stress = Mc/I where I is the area moment of inertia and c the distance from outer fiber to neutral axis

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