CO2 welding is a welding process that uses carbon dioxide to protect the weld pool from oxidisation during the welding process.
It is also known as Metal Inert Gas(MIG), Manual Arc Gas Shielded(MAGS), welding.
CO2 is not the only gas used, it needs to be heavier than air to work.
The weld pool is, a pool of weld or liquid/molten metal that solidifies as one when finished welding, it is usually between two items so as to fuse the pieces together.
CO2 welding uses a long coil of filler wire that is fed in through the handheld torch, this filler wire melts as it completes the electrical circuit by means of an electric arc which reaches temperature of around 3100 degrees Celsius, and unsurprisingly this melts the metal.
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Your question is incomplete. Which process? Which electrode? What is the basemetal, which position? etc etc
CO2 and O2 can not be used in the same time for shielding gas in MIG welding, it would create too much oxidation of the molten metal.
For steel, flux core or hard wire with Argon/CO2 is used with the GMAW process.
The thickness of the laser welding machine depends on the power of the laser generator inside the Laser Welding Machine, the thickness of the object to be welded. These two points are the most important.
Check the shielding gas & its flow rate.