The magnetic field reverses direction.
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An electromagnet if formed by pushing current through a coil. If the circuit is truly open, current will cease to flow, thus no electromagnet.
Normally,the reverse current is so small that it can be neglected.If the external reverse-bias voltage is increased to a value( 50 V or larger) ,at this stage the reverse breakdown occours
A magnetic field is generated whenever a current is passing through a wire.
Unlike a permanent magnet, an electromagnet can be turned on and off. One useful advantage of this: Place a metal bar inside the electromagnet, apply current through the electromagnet in one direction, and the magnetic field would move that bar one way -- reverse the current reverses the magnetic field and the bar would move the opposite way. You could use that effect and make an electronically controlled lock for a door.
doping concentration,temperature are the major source of reverse current