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What can increase the voltage difference between a metal electrode and a solution?
Liliroc
If electrons are left behind in metal this will increase the voltage difference between a metal electrode and a solution. Also if the solution becomes more positive this will cause an increase.
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∙ 10y ago
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What is resistance of earthing electrode?
It's convenient to think of the earth electrode as being surrounded by a series of increasingly-larger 'shells' of soil, through which any earth-fault current will radiate outwards. The resistance of each 'shell' is inversely-proportional to its cross-sectional area. The shell immediately surrounding the earth electrode (1, in the following diagram) will have the smallest cross-sectional area and, therefore, the greatest resistance value; as we more further and further away from the earth electrode, each subseqent shell (2, 3, 4, etc.) increases in cross-sectional area and, therefore, reduces in resistance.The further we move away from the earth electrode, the difference between the size of each shell becomes less and less significant and, therefore, the resistance between adjacent 'shells', will become less and less until, eventually, the increase in resistance, too, will become negligible.The resistance of each of these 'shells' is, of course, cumulative. So, while the rate of change in resistance is greatest in the area immediately surrounding the earth electrode, the cumulative resistancecontinues to increase until it eventually become more-or-less constant. And it is this constant value that is taken as being the resistance of the earth electrode.In practice, we cannot use an ordinary ohmmeter to measure the resistance of the earth electrode. Instead, the basis of the test is actually as follows.A small spike is laid out in a straight line radiating away from the earth electrode. The resistance is then measured between the earth electrode and the spike, using an earth megger. The test is repeated several times, with the spike moved further and further away from the earth electrode. A graph drawn from the results shows a curve which is steepest (representing the greatest rate of change of resistance) where the test spike is closest to the earth electrode, and which eventually becomes horizontal (no further rate of change of resistance). The cumulative resistance increases, until there is no further significant increase in resistance, and this value is taken as the earth-electrode's resistance. The same results will be seen in whichever radial direction the resistance is measured, relative to the earth electrode. The area, immediately surrounding the earth electrode, in which the resistance value changes is termed its 'resistance area'.For the UK, the wiring regulations, BS 7671:2008, specifies that the value of the earth-electrode resistance must be 'low enough to ensure that the potential of any exposed metalwork, with respect to earth, during an earth fault does not exceed 50 V for normal, dry, conditions'.The 'On-Site Guide', a supplement to BS 7671:2008, further specifies (section 10.3.5) that the earth-electrode resistance should 'in any event, not exceed 200 Ω'.
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What is difference between standard hydrogen electrode and normal hydrogen electrode?
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A simple solution refers to a solution where one substance is dissolved in a solvent, usually water, whereas a dilute solution is one in which the amount of solute is low compared to the amount of solvent. In other words, a dilute solution has a lower concentration of solute compared to a simple solution.
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