In C Programming, the range of integer values that we can reliably represent with an int data type is exactly the same as for a char data type: -127 to +127. While an int is usually capable of covering a much wider range of values than a char, this range is the absolute minimum we can guarantee across all C implementations.
Note that while most (all?) modern systems support twos-complement signed notation to yield a minimum range of -128 to +127, we cannot guarantee this range on a ones-complement system because these systems have two separate representations for the value 0, reducing the range by 1 value. 0 is neither positive nor negative, hence the introduction of twos-complement notation.
If we need to determine the maximum guaranteed range we can represent with a built-in type upon any given implementation, then we must use the implementation-defined constants declared in the C standard library header,
#include
int minimum = INT_MIN;
int maximum = INT_MAX;
Note that on any given system, we can always make the following assertions in C programming:
assert (8<=CHAR_BIT); // CHAR_BIT is defined in
assert (sizeof(char)==1);
assert (sizeof(short)<=sizeof(char));
assert (sizeof(int)<=sizeof(short));
assert (sizeof(long)<=sizeof(int));
assert (sizeof(long long)<=sizeof(long));
These limitations are defined by the C standard. Note that while a char is always 1 byte in length, the length of a byte (in bits) is implementation-defined but is always at least 8 (bits). Systems with 9-bit or 16-bit bytes are not uncommon, but are catered for by the standard. Older systems that support a 7-bit byte are not catered for by the standard, however non-standard implementations do exist to cater for these specific systems.
Store the numbers in a suitable container such as an array. Assume the first number is the smallest and assign its value to a local variable. Traverse the remainder of the sequence, comparing each element's value to the stored value. If an element has a lower value, assign its value to the local variable. When the sequence is fully traversed, the local variable will hold the value of the smallest value in the sequence. Return that value.
To compute the largest value in an array, assume that the first element is the largest and store the value. Then traverse the remainder of the array. Each time a larger value is encountered, update the stored value. Once all values are traversed, return the stored value. In pseudocode, this algorithm would be implemented as follows: Algorithm: largest Input: array A of length N Output: largest value in A let largest = A[0] // store first value for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] > largest then largest = A[index] // update stored value if current value is larger next index return largest To determine the position of the largest value, we alter the algorithm as follows: Algorithm: largest_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: index of the largest value in A let largest = 0; // store index 0 for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] > A[largest] then largest = index // update stored index next index return largest We can do the same to find the position of the smallest element: Algorithm: smallest_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: index of the smallest value in A let smallest = 0; // store index 0 for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] < A[smallest] then smallest = index // update stored index next index return smallest To perform both algorithms simultaneously, we need to return two values. To achieve this we can use a simple data structure known as a pair: struct pair { int smallest; int largest; }; Algorithm: range_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: a pair indicating the position of the smallest and largest values in A pair result = {0, 0} // initialise the pair for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] < A[result.smallest] then result.smallest = index // update stored index else if A[index] > A[result.largest] then result.largest = index // update stored index next index return result
When you declare a variable and it's data type in a function, it is stored in the specific space for memory allocated by the variable type identifier known as the "stack."
A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.
Variable stored in the memory block inside the RAM. whenever we declare a variable it would take space in main memory and consume it's size from RAM.
Store the numbers in a suitable container such as an array. Assume the first number is the smallest and assign its value to a local variable. Traverse the remainder of the sequence, comparing each element's value to the stored value. If an element has a lower value, assign its value to the local variable. When the sequence is fully traversed, the local variable will hold the value of the smallest value in the sequence. Return that value.
To compute the largest value in an array, assume that the first element is the largest and store the value. Then traverse the remainder of the array. Each time a larger value is encountered, update the stored value. Once all values are traversed, return the stored value. In pseudocode, this algorithm would be implemented as follows: Algorithm: largest Input: array A of length N Output: largest value in A let largest = A[0] // store first value for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] > largest then largest = A[index] // update stored value if current value is larger next index return largest To determine the position of the largest value, we alter the algorithm as follows: Algorithm: largest_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: index of the largest value in A let largest = 0; // store index 0 for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] > A[largest] then largest = index // update stored index next index return largest We can do the same to find the position of the smallest element: Algorithm: smallest_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: index of the smallest value in A let smallest = 0; // store index 0 for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] < A[smallest] then smallest = index // update stored index next index return smallest To perform both algorithms simultaneously, we need to return two values. To achieve this we can use a simple data structure known as a pair: struct pair { int smallest; int largest; }; Algorithm: range_by_index Input: array A of length N Output: a pair indicating the position of the smallest and largest values in A pair result = {0, 0} // initialise the pair for index = 1 to N-1 // traverse remaining elements if A[index] < A[result.smallest] then result.smallest = index // update stored index else if A[index] > A[result.largest] then result.largest = index // update stored index next index return result
A variable typically consists of a name, a data type, a value, and a memory location where the value is stored. The name is used to reference the variable in the code, the data type defines the type of data the variable can hold, the value is the actual data stored in the variable, and the memory location is where the value is stored in the computer's memory.
A variable is a named memory address in which a value may be stored and mutated.
byte
session is a server variable. it works like the ordinary variable but it is stored on the server
When you declare a variable and it's data type in a function, it is stored in the specific space for memory allocated by the variable type identifier known as the "stack."
The smallest prime number is 2.
A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.A String is treated as an object, meaning there is an object on the heap. Of course, the variable you define is a pointer to the object, and it is stored on the stack.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
A variable is made up of a name (identifier) that represents a value stored in a computer's memory. It consists of a memory location where data can be stored and manipulated in a program. The value assigned to a variable can change during program execution.
Variable stored in the memory block inside the RAM. whenever we declare a variable it would take space in main memory and consume it's size from RAM.