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BeauMachine code is the only first generation language (1GL). Every family of CPUs has its own unique variant of machine code and even some CPUs within the same family can have slight variations. 1GL languages do not have names as such, as they are typically identified by the specific CPU architecture to which they belong.
Machine code is a 1GL for the simple reason that when the first computers were developed there were no high-level languages available to write any programs for it. Every operation that could be performed by the CPU was identified by a unique sequence of switches that were either on or off. The state of these switches could be notated as a sequence of 1s and 0s (binary values). Entering a sequence of such instructions, along with any required operands (also in binary), placed those instructions within the computer's "memory", thus creating a program. Once the program was entered it could be executed. However, this was a laborious process that was prone to error. Even if the binary sequence was correctly notated, a mistake during manual entry was difficult to trace. Eventually, card-readers were developed which made it much easier to input the programs using a sequence of cards with hole punches to denote the individual 1s and 0s, thus making it possible to produce larger and more complex programs that could be loaded and reloaded at will. However, they were still prone to error because everything still had to be written in binary. This problem continued until the development of the keyboard entry system and the first of the 2GL languages.
2GL languages allowed programmers to use a more human-readable, symbolic language where each instruction was reduced to a unique symbol typically composed of 3 letters (such as CMP, JMP and JNZ) and the operands could be entered using binary, octal, hexadecimal or decimal notation. Of course, the machine's of the day could not understand this new language, thus a program had to be written (using 1GL) which could translate this symbolic 2GL language into 1GL machine code. These programs were known as assemblers and the 2GL language became known as assembly language. Like machine code, each CPU has its own variant of assembler.
Although this made programming easier, it was still a laborious process as programs became larger and more complex. Eventually, high-level languages began to appear, in the form of the first of the 3GL languages. These languages used a more complex, English-like syntax that allowed programmers to generate many assembly instructions from a single statement. However, once again, the computer did not initially understand these new languages so 2GL had to be used to program the computer so that the computer itself could generate the required 2GL code from the 3GL language which could then be assembled separately to produce the 1GL machine code. These programs became known as compilers and they quickly evolved to emit the 1GL machine code directly. Pretty soon, 3GL languages were being used to create a wide variety of new or improved 3GL languages as well as creating more efficient compilers and assemblers.
Nowadays, when a new CPU architecture is developed, an assembler and/or compiler can be developed upon another machine using a 3GL language (typically C or C++), thus making it possible to write programs for these new architectures without resorting to the intricacies of the new machine's 1GL.
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What are the five high level programming language?
1.First Generation Programming LanguageFirst generation of programming language refers to machine language. Machine language is lower level language which uses object code (some times also known as machine code). Object code is the combination of binary digits. These languages directly talk to hardware.2.Second Generation Programming LanguageSecond generation of languages is also low level language which is known as assembly language. Assembly languages are the interface between Machine level languages and High level languages.3.Third Generation Programming LanguageThird Generation programming languages are High level Programming languages like JAVA & C.4.Fourth Generation Programming LanguageThis is the set of current generation programming languages. These languages are similar or closer to human languages.General characteristics of 4GL are:i.Closer to human languagesii.Portableiii.Database supportiveiv.simple and requires less effort than 3GLv.Non proceduralDifferent types of 4 GL are:a. Query Generatorb. Report generatorc. Form Generatord. Application Generatore. GUI Generatorf. Relational Database Manager5.Fifth Generation Programming LanguageLanguages used for writing programs for Artificial Intelligence, Neural Network, Plasma Computing etc. come under 5GL. This is the future of programming language.
Is the First Generation Language machine dependent?
Yes. Both first and second generation languages are machine-dependent. The first generation of languages were machine code, while the second were assembly languages. Non-machine dependency came about with the advent of the third-generation of languages, all the high-level languages.
What are example of second generation programming language?
Machine code is first generation. Low-level, machine-dependent, symbolic languages such as assembly language are second generation. All high-level, machine-independent languages are third generation. Fourth and fifth generation don't actually have any meaning since there is no "standard" to define these terms, although they are often used to classify specific types of third-generation languages.
Three programming languages?
1GL or first-generation language was (and still is) machine language or the level of instructions and data that the processor is actually given to work on (which in conventional computers is a string of 0s and 1s). 2GL or second-generation language is assembler (sometimes called "assembly") language. A typical 2GL instruction looks like this: ADD 12,8 An assembler converts the assembler language statements into machine language. 3GL or third-generation language is a "high-level" programming language, such as PL/I, C, or Java. Java language statements look like this: public boolean handleEvent (Event evt) { switch (evt.id) { case Event.ACTION_EVENT: { if ("Try me" .equald(evt.arg)) { A compiler converts the statements of a specific high-level programming language into machine language. (In the case of Java, the output is called bytecode, which is converted into appropriate machine language by a Java virtual machine that runs as part of an operating system platform.) A 3GL language requires a considerable amount of programming knowledge. 4GLor fourth-generation language is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language. Languages for accessing databases are often described as 4GLs. A 4GL language statement might look like this: EXTRACT ALL CUSTOMERS WHERE "PREVIOUS PURCHASES" TOTAL MORE THAN $1000 5GL or fifth-generation language is programming that uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language that is usually compiled with a 3GL or 4GL language compiler. Microsoft, Borland, IBM, and other companies make 5GL visual programming products for developing applications in Java, for example. Visual programming allows you to easily envision object-oriented programming class hierarchies and drag icons to assemble program components.
Language known as the first generation of programming languages is the only language the computer directly recognizes?
What computer directly recognizes is plain machine code in over words sequence of 0 and 1, which in programming field mostly is displayed in HEX (base 16) system. Sequence or bits: 10110000 00101001 (HEX: B0 29) in x86 architecture is understood as moving value 0x29 to AL register. In assembly language it would look like: MOV AL, 0x29 Where 0x29 is 41 in decimal. But the first generation of languages was Assembler (Or just "A", later followed by "B" (used for writing Unix system), "C" (now one of the widely used), now we have "D" language (mix of C++/JAVA/C#) coming). To summarize, computer understand sequence of bits, while first generation of programming languages (low-level programming) was Assembler.
