I=I0 (exp(V/(ita)VT -1)
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another name for diode is "pn" junction.
current depends exponentially on voltage: diode equation (approx.) Idiode=k (exp (Vdiode/Vth)-1) k=constant (saturation current, something like a femto ampère) Vth=KT/q => 25.8 mV @ T=300 K, Vth is thermal voltage K=Boltzmann's constant T=junction temperature (Kelvin) q=electron charge
dormant semiconductor
I cannot think of any, but a pn junction is a part of a diode and has a rectifying properties.
There are 2 type of biasing in PN junction didoe Forward biasing Reverse biasing