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The cathode of a diode is usually indicated with a band. In the absence of the band, consult the datasheet. Alternatively, use an ohmmeter that generates more than 0.7 volts at low current (a diode checker) and check conductance. The diode will conduct when the anode is more positive than the cathode.
A diode is a semiconductor meaning it will conduct from anode to cathode if the anode is held positive. Reversing the polarity Will in effect block current flow.
Inside the diode valve the conventional curret flow is from anode to cathode. The electron flow is from cathode to anode.
With a 10mA forward bias current, if the voltages at the anode and cathode of a diode in a circuit are found to be the same, then the diode most likely to be shorted.
The Anode. Think of the arrow like a Capital Letter A standing for the Anode.