There are two alternate methods depending on whether the motor is single phase or three phase. On a single phase motor, reverse either the start winding coil lead or the run winding coil lead but not both. This action will reverse the motor's rotation. On a three phase motor, interchanging any two of the three coil leads will reverse the motor's rotation.
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On a three phase motor reverse any two feed wires that come from the starter. This should be done in the motor junction box. By doing it in the junction box it maintains the three phase colour coding of the building system.
Reversing polarity is not possible with an ac motor. Some do have wiring that will allow you to change rotation. The type and model of the motor can tell you if it is reversible.
You change the speed of rotation.
The end the shaft comes out.
On an AC motor you basically vary the frequency on a DC you can vary the voltage.
use a inverter to change dc to ac or couple it to a ac motor making it a motor generator. Comment: AC motors cannot run on DC since their principle of operation based on induction. There's an exception,however, and thats for Universal Series motor which can run on either AC or DC.