Between the two plates of a capacitor lies a medium with a specific dielectric constant. Placing a fish between these plates changes to dielectric constant. If the fish is fresh it will be strong and tight, thus possessing a higher dielectric constant. If the fish is older, it's dielectric constant, or body, will be weaker due to decay.
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The run capacitor is used when the load is functional while the start capacitor is used to produce the initial torque to drive the load.
A capacitor used to protect the transformer if these any problem in the cct.
An oil filled capacitor is used in (PSC) motor because the capacitor is in the circuit the whole time the machine is running. The capacitor is oil filled to cool it due to being in circuit the whole time
Bypass capacitors are used to bypass (shunt) unwanted signals to the ground. A common use is in power supplies where a bypass capacitor is connected in parallel with the main filter capacitor to shunt noise and other high frequency interference to ground which the main capacitor may not be able to do.
Gang capacitors are commonly used in radio tuners/receivers. Radio tuners/receivers have formation of LC(inductance and capacitor). Here this circuit has one fixed inductance and capacitor parallel with gang capacitor. Normally gang capacitor used in superhetrodyne receiver.