When you listen to the radio, you are hearing sound, which has no resemblance
to light, radio waves, or x-rays. However, the sounds you hear are created in
the radio receiver, using information that was carried to your location by means
of radio waves.
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Radio waves and light are both forms of electromagnetic radiation.
Sound waves are vibrations of air.
Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, and they don't require a medium to pass through (like water, sound, or seismic waves.) So they work in space, which makes it real handy for astronauts for communicate with each other.
assuming you mean electromotive force: emf is the main principle behind power transformers. emf also comes in the form of radio waves, which are used for radio transmission (obviously)
The section we call 'radio'. Of course, there's no end to the electromagnetic spectrum, at least not on the low-frequency end, so there's really no such thing as "greatest" wavelength. As frequencies go down past radio and below, wavelength just keeps getting longer ... the bit of radiation from the 60 Hz utility power lines has a wavelength of almost 5,000 kilometers ( ! ! ). But we don't use anything down there in the form of radiation ... antennas would need to be gigantic in order to be the least bit efficient ... so there's no popular name for the radiated form. The 'generic' answer to the question is: The type with the lowest frequency.
It depends on the type of interference, but most shielded cables are used in a copper cable setup. You could also use fiber optic cable if concerned about electrical devices but it might prove too expensive.
The theory of radio waves and waveguides is explained in terms of equations in the form of vector calculus. Examples are Maxwell's equations.