which of the following group is most hurt by unexpected inflation
inflation and deflation
The question is incomplete.
Debtors.
Yes, inflation and increases in interest rates usually go hand-in-hand, though inflation is not the sole cause of an increase in interest rates
less inflation .
An unexpected increase in total spending will likely lead to inflation as demand outweighs supply, putting upward pressure on prices. This can result in an increase in the general price level of goods and services, eroding purchasing power and potentially leading to a decrease in real income for consumers.
inflation and deflation
The question is incomplete.
increase inflation
This is likely the word "accident" (an unplanned or unexpected occurrence).
Debtors.
Yes, inflation and increases in interest rates usually go hand-in-hand, though inflation is not the sole cause of an increase in interest rates
less inflation .
Less inflation.
Individuals with fixed incomes, such as retirees receiving a pension or social security, are less likely to be harmed by inflation as their income does not adjust with rising prices. Additionally, those who own assets that typically appreciate during inflation, like real estate or stocks, may benefit from inflation rather than suffer. Conversely, wage earners whose salaries do not keep pace with inflation are more vulnerable to its negative effects.
Higher Inflation.
A debtor would favour inflation; the debt would be repaid with money which is worth less than when it was borrowed.