As of the 1st January 2011 there are actually 17 countries of the 27 countries in the European Union which have switched their currency to Euro. These 17 countries are:
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
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The Euro is used in 17 of the European Union's 27 countries. The other 10 countries in the European Union use their own currencies.
The euro is sometimes though of as the single currency of the European Union, and is denoted by the symbol "€." However, the European Union has 27 countries, of which only 17 use the Euro. The other 10 countries still use their own currencies. The 17 countries are referred to as the Eurozone. So it is more accurate to say that the euro is the single currency of the Eurozone, not the European Union.
The Euro is not an element it is currency used by several countries who are members of the European Union.
Spain became a member of the European Union in 1986. It was also one of the first countries in the European Union to adopt the euro as its form of currency.
If you mean how many countries in the EU use the EU currency, the Euro, the answer is 17.