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As in most sciences, such as physics, mathematical assumptions are often made for modelling purposes in economic theory. Simplifications are often described using the Latin term ceteris paribus (trans.: all else being equal), which attempt to assume everything but the two variables for analysis remain constant. Because economics attempts to describe and predict complex social systems, maintaining a track of a large number of interacting agents can be immensely difficult and not cost-beneficial compare to a simpler model that attempts to isolate the root causes of action.

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