How does inflation affect saving and investing?

Answer 1

During periods of high inflation, investors generally try to preserve purchasing power by seeking returns that keep up with inflation. Equity (stock) markets generally perform poorly in periods of high inflation with the exception of stocks of companies that benefit from inflation (like commodity companies). The Dow Jones Industrials average was basically flat in the 1970's when inflation was high. Yields on fixed income securities (govt bonds and corporate bonds) usually rise with the corresponding increase in inflation since fixed income investors need a premium over the rate of inflation for a 'real' rate of return. For example, a bond investor that requires a 5% return in a 3% inflation environment will require 7% in a 5% inflation environment. The Investopedia link below has a basic article on this topic.