total revenue minus total cost
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The 'value of a firm' is connected with profit maximization. It is the present value of the firm's current profit and the future profit. It determines the value accurately.
Economic profit will never exceed accounting profit. The accountant will calculate total cost using only explicit costs (basically a transfer of money) that the firm makes. On the other hand, economists will factor in opportunity cost as well. For example, if a person takes their life's savings and invests it in a new company, the interest that the money could be making will be an opportunity cost for the firm, as well as the salary they could be earning at a different firm. This all means that economists will calculate higher costs, which means that economic profit is lower than accounting profit.
Profit is equal to total revenue minus total costs, if a firm wants to maximize its profit it has to lower the cost of producing a given level of output and or increase the item price if there is a willing buyer. If a firm is not minimizing costs then there exists a way for the firm to increase profits.
When a firm maximizes its profit, it automatically maximizes its shareholder value. When both profit and the shareholder value increase, in course of time, the overall firm value will increase. All these would undoubtely increase its share price in the market as well.
Hopefully, the firm makes a profit.