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During non-aqueous titration of amine salts, the halide ions, namely: chloride, bromide and iodide are very weakly basic in character so much so that they cannot react quantitatively with acetous perchloric acid. In order to overcome this problem, mercuric acetate is usually added (it remains undissociated in acetic acid solution) to a halide salt thereby causing the replacement of halide ion by an equivalent amount of acetate ion, which serves as a strong base in acetic acid as shown below: 2R.NH2.HCl ↔ 2RNH3 + + 2Cl - (CH3COO) 2 Hg + 2Cl- → HgCl2 + 2CH3COO- undissociated 2CH3COOH2+ + 2CH3COO- ↔ 4 CH3 COOH
Mercuric acetate is used in non-aqueous titrations because it is insoluble in non-aqueous solvents, allowing for a stable titrant solution. It also forms a complex with the analyte, which helps to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the titration. Additionally, mercuric acetate is a strong oxidizing agent, making it suitable for titrating compounds that are difficult to oxidize.
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Why is mercuric acetate employed in non aqueous titrations and by what mechanism does it work?
Mercuric acetate is used in non-aqueous titrations because it is soluble in organic solvents. It functions as an oxidizing agent, converting the species being titrated into a form that can be easily detected by a color change or other indicator. This mechanism involves the transfer of electrons between the analyte and mercuric acetate, resulting in the formation of a colored complex that signals the end point of the titration.
Why is acetic acid used in the synthesis of phenylmercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene?
Acetic acid is used to facilitate the reaction by providing the acetate ions needed to react with the mercuric ions in mercuric acetate. This reaction forms a mercury complex with the benzene molecule, which results in the formation of phenylmercuric acetate. This method allows for the selective functionalization of the benzene ring with the mercury atom.
What is the difference between aqueous and non aqueous titration?
Aqueous titration involves using a water-based solvent for both the titrant and the analyte, while non-aqueous titration involves using a solvent other than water. Aqueous titrations are more common and are used for analyzing compounds that are soluble in water, while non-aqueous titrations are used when water may interfere with the reaction or when the compounds are not soluble in water.
Titration involving bismuth sulfate and Titration involving mercuric nitrate?
Titration involving bismuth sulfate would typically be used to determine the concentration of a solution of a known or unknown substance that can react with bismuth ions. On the other hand, titration involving mercuric nitrate would be suited for determining the concentration of substances that can react with mercuric ions. Each titration method is specific to the ions involved and the chemical reactions occurring.
Why non-aqueous titration required?
Non-aqueous titration is required when the substances being titrated are insoluble or unstable in water or when the reaction involves non-aqueous solvents. This method is commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the concentration of acidic or basic substances in non-aqueous solvents like alcohols or acetone. Non-aqueous titration allows for accurate and precise determination of concentrations in these specific scenarios.
Why is mercuric acetate employed in non aqueous titrations and by what mechanism does it work?
Mercuric acetate is used in non-aqueous titrations because it is soluble in organic solvents. It functions as an oxidizing agent, converting the species being titrated into a form that can be easily detected by a color change or other indicator. This mechanism involves the transfer of electrons between the analyte and mercuric acetate, resulting in the formation of a colored complex that signals the end point of the titration.
Why is acetic acid used in the synthesis of phenylmercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene?
Acetic acid is used to facilitate the reaction by providing the acetate ions needed to react with the mercuric ions in mercuric acetate. This reaction forms a mercury complex with the benzene molecule, which results in the formation of phenylmercuric acetate. This method allows for the selective functionalization of the benzene ring with the mercury atom.
What is the difference between aqueous and non aqueous titration?
Aqueous titration involves using a water-based solvent for both the titrant and the analyte, while non-aqueous titration involves using a solvent other than water. Aqueous titrations are more common and are used for analyzing compounds that are soluble in water, while non-aqueous titrations are used when water may interfere with the reaction or when the compounds are not soluble in water.
Titration involving bismuth sulfate and Titration involving mercuric nitrate?
Titration involving bismuth sulfate would typically be used to determine the concentration of a solution of a known or unknown substance that can react with bismuth ions. On the other hand, titration involving mercuric nitrate would be suited for determining the concentration of substances that can react with mercuric ions. Each titration method is specific to the ions involved and the chemical reactions occurring.
Why non-aqueous titration required?
Non-aqueous titration is required when the substances being titrated are insoluble or unstable in water or when the reaction involves non-aqueous solvents. This method is commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the concentration of acidic or basic substances in non-aqueous solvents like alcohols or acetone. Non-aqueous titration allows for accurate and precise determination of concentrations in these specific scenarios.
How do they use non-aqueous titration in pharmaceutical application?
"Titration" is the process of determining the concentration of one substance in another. When the titration is "non-aqueous", the substance which is being measured is present in a liquid other than water.
Difference between advantages and disadvantages of non aqueous and aqueous titration?
Advantages of non-aqueous titration include the ability to analyze compounds with limited solubility in water and lower background interference from water. Disadvantages include the complexity of handling non-aqueous solvents and the potential for compatibility issues with certain analytes. Aqueous titration, on the other hand, is more convenient and less expensive to conduct but may be limited by the solubility of the compounds being analyzed in water.
Why do you use ethanolic NaOH instead of aq NaOH in titration?
Ethanolic NaOH is used instead of aqueous NaOH in titration to avoid side reactions with water and reduce error in the titration process. The absence of water in ethanolic NaOH helps maintain the concentration and stability of the solution, resulting in more accurate and precise titration results.
What is two examples of non aqueous solvent?
Two examples of non-aqueous solvents are acetone and ethyl acetate. These solvents are commonly used in the laboratory and industrial processes for dissolving materials that are not soluble in water.
What are the buffers used in complexometric titration?
Buffers commonly used in complexometric titrations include ammonium acetate-acetic acid, ammonia-ammonium chloride, and potassium hydrogen phthalate. These buffers help maintain a relatively constant pH during the titration process, ensuring accurate and precise results.
What is non aqueous titration?
Nonaqueous titration is a method of performing a chemical analysis without the use of water as the solvent. Instead, an organic solvent is used as the medium in nonaqueous titrations. This technique is often applied when the reactants or products are unstable in water or when water interferes with the reaction.
What equipment is used for titration in industry?
titration sensors
