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During non-aqueous titration of amine salts, the halide ions, namely: chloride, bromide and iodide are very weakly basic in character so much so that they cannot react quantitatively with acetous perchloric acid. In order to overcome this problem, mercuric acetate is usually added (it remains undissociated in acetic acid solution) to a halide salt thereby causing the replacement of halide ion by an equivalent amount of acetate ion, which serves as a strong base in acetic acid as shown below: 2R.NH2.HCl ↔ 2RNH3 + + 2Cl - (CH3COO) 2 Hg + 2Cl- → HgCl2 + 2CH3COO- undissociated 2CH3COOH2+ + 2CH3COO- ↔ 4 CH3 COOH
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Why is mercuric acetate employed in non aqueous titrations and by what mechanism does it work?
Mercuric acetate is used in non-aqueous titrations because it is soluble in organic solvents. It functions as an oxidizing agent, converting the species being titrated into a form that can be easily detected by a color change or other indicator. This mechanism involves the transfer of electrons between the analyte and mercuric acetate, resulting in the formation of a colored complex that signals the end point of the titration.
Why is acetic acid used in the synthesis of phenylmercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene?
Acetic acid is used in the synthesis of phenyl mercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene to create an antifungal used in agriculture. It is both flammable and extremely explosive.
What is the difference between aqueous and non aqueous titration?
Aqueous titration involves using a water-based solvent for both the titrant and the analyte, while non-aqueous titration involves using a solvent other than water. Aqueous titrations are more common and are used for analyzing compounds that are soluble in water, while non-aqueous titrations are used when water may interfere with the reaction or when the compounds are not soluble in water.
Titration involving bismuth sulfate and Titration involving mercuric nitrate?
Titration involving bismuth sulfate would typically be used to determine the concentration of a solution of a known or unknown substance that can react with bismuth ions. On the other hand, titration involving mercuric nitrate would be suited for determining the concentration of substances that can react with mercuric ions. Each titration method is specific to the ions involved and the chemical reactions occurring.
Why non-aqueous titration required?
Non-aqueous titration is required when the substances being titrated are insoluble or unstable in water or when the reaction involves non-aqueous solvents. This method is commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the concentration of acidic or basic substances in non-aqueous solvents like alcohols or acetone. Non-aqueous titration allows for accurate and precise determination of concentrations in these specific scenarios.
Why is mercuric acetate employed in non aqueous titrations and by what mechanism does it work?
Mercuric acetate is used in non-aqueous titrations because it is soluble in organic solvents. It functions as an oxidizing agent, converting the species being titrated into a form that can be easily detected by a color change or other indicator. This mechanism involves the transfer of electrons between the analyte and mercuric acetate, resulting in the formation of a colored complex that signals the end point of the titration.
Why is acetic acid used in the synthesis of phenylmercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene?
Acetic acid is used in the synthesis of phenyl mercuric acetate by combining mercuric acetate with benzene to create an antifungal used in agriculture. It is both flammable and extremely explosive.
What is the difference between aqueous and non aqueous titration?
Aqueous titration involves using a water-based solvent for both the titrant and the analyte, while non-aqueous titration involves using a solvent other than water. Aqueous titrations are more common and are used for analyzing compounds that are soluble in water, while non-aqueous titrations are used when water may interfere with the reaction or when the compounds are not soluble in water.
Titration involving bismuth sulfate and Titration involving mercuric nitrate?
Titration involving bismuth sulfate would typically be used to determine the concentration of a solution of a known or unknown substance that can react with bismuth ions. On the other hand, titration involving mercuric nitrate would be suited for determining the concentration of substances that can react with mercuric ions. Each titration method is specific to the ions involved and the chemical reactions occurring.
Why non-aqueous titration required?
Non-aqueous titration is required when the substances being titrated are insoluble or unstable in water or when the reaction involves non-aqueous solvents. This method is commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the concentration of acidic or basic substances in non-aqueous solvents like alcohols or acetone. Non-aqueous titration allows for accurate and precise determination of concentrations in these specific scenarios.
How do they use non-aqueous titration in pharmaceutical application?
"Titration" is the process of determining the concentration of one substance in another. When the titration is "non-aqueous", the substance which is being measured is present in a liquid other than water.
How is the titration of sodium acetate performed in a laboratory setting?
In a laboratory setting, the titration of sodium acetate is performed by adding a known concentration of acid (such as hydrochloric acid) to a solution of sodium acetate until the equivalence point is reached. This is determined by a color change indicator or a pH meter. The volume of acid required to reach the equivalence point is used to calculate the concentration of sodium acetate in the solution.
Difference between advantages and disadvantages of non aqueous and aqueous titration?
The advantage of non-aqueous media titrations is that often the end point is much more satisfactory to the person doing the experiment. Another advantage is that mediums that are not soluble in water can be used.
Why do you use ethanolic NaOH instead of aq NaOH in titration?
Ethanolic NaOH is used instead of aqueous NaOH in titration to avoid side reactions with water and reduce error in the titration process. The absence of water in ethanolic NaOH helps maintain the concentration and stability of the solution, resulting in more accurate and precise titration results.
What is two examples of non aqueous solvent?
Toluene and THF. non-aqueous means it does not contain water.
What are the buffers used in complexometric titration?
Buffers commonly used in complexometric titrations include ammonium acetate-acetic acid, ammonia-ammonium chloride, and potassium hydrogen phthalate. These buffers help maintain a relatively constant pH during the titration process, ensuring accurate and precise results.
What is non aqueous titration?
Nonaqueous titration is the titration of substances dissolved in nonaqueous solvents. It is the most common titrimetric procedure used in pharmacopoeial assays and serves a double purpose: it is suitable for the titration of very weak acids and very weak bases, and it provides a solvent.
