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The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules is called catabolism. This process releases energy that cells can use for various functions.
Small molecules that must combine with large proteins to become immunogenic are called haptens. Haptens alone are not immunogenic, but when they bind to proteins in the body, they can elicit an immune response.
Enzymes are the special proteins that can break down large molecules into smaller molecules. These biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
Propane consists of small molecules. It is a simple hydrocarbon compound that is composed of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
Macromolecules.
A polymer. Polymers are formed when small molecules, called monomers, link together to create long chains or networks. Examples of polymers include proteins, DNA, and many synthetic materials like plastics.