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this is what my anatomy & physiology book states...
1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide
2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.
3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.
4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.
5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.
6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.
In your book (probably), the titles it gives are
"1: Messenger RNA Production
2: Messenger RNA Attaches to a Ribosome
3: Transfer RNA Attaches to Messenger RNA
4: Protein Production Continues
Protein synthesis occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA code is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the nucleus. This mRNA then travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where translation occurs. In translation, the mRNA is read, and transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, where they are joined together to form a protein.
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What parts of a chromosome specify the amino acid sequence of a protein?
The gene within a chromosome contains the specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein. This gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually?
The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis involves transcription, where a messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus, and translation, where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein. Additionally, during translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.
During protein synthesis messenger RNA what?
Messenger RNA molecules are fed through the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What role does transcription play in protein synthesis?
Transcription is the process where information from DNA is copied into RNA. This RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins during translation. It involves the creation of messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
What does tRNA have that mRNA does not have?
tRNA has a specific anticodon sequence that complements the mRNA codons, enabling it to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. mRNA does not have this complementary sequence to directly bind with amino acids.
Why does a detetion mutation usually cause more defect during protein synthesis than point mutation?
Mutation usually causes the entire base sequence to defect. This usually happens during the protein synthesis.
During protein synthesis what happens to amino acids?
Amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence based on the instructions from mRNA during protein synthesis. Once the correct amino acid sequence is assembled, it folds into a functional protein with a specific structure and function. Any errors in the amino acid sequence can lead to misfolded proteins or protein dysfunction.
During protein synthesis the nucleotide sequence specific a particular species of?
tRNA
What is primary structure of a protein and what causes it?
Primary structure of the protein is simply its amino acid sequence. It is the sequence in which amino acids are added during protein synthesis.
During protein synthesis the nucleotide sequence specifies a particular species of?
During protein synthesis, the nucleotide sequence specifies a particular species of amino acid. This is accomplished through the genetic code, where a sequence of three nucleotides (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid. The sequence of codons ultimately determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
What parts of a chromosome specify the amino acid sequence of a protein?
The gene within a chromosome contains the specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein. This gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Does protein synthesis have three continuous bases?
During protein synthesis, three continuous bases on a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, known as a codon, encode different amino acids. Codons on the mRNA are translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein by the ribosome.
The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually?
The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis involves transcription, where a messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus, and translation, where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein. Additionally, during translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.
How do the structure of nucleic acids relate to their functions of information storage and protein synthesis?
The structure of nucleic acids, such as DNA, is composed of nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. This sequence encodes genetic information that dictates the synthesis of proteins. During protein synthesis, the DNA sequence is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, resulting in the production of proteins. The specific arrangement of nucleotides in the nucleic acid molecule is crucial for the accurate transmission and interpretation of genetic information for protein synthesis.
During protein synthesis messenger RNA what?
Messenger RNA molecules are fed through the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is needed?
Transcription is the bridge between DNA and protein synthesis. During transcription, a DNA sequence is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This mRNA molecule serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
What is the name of the part of protein synthesis that makes messenger RNA?
The process of making messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis is called transcription. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
