It refers to an engine where the area occupied by the valves when they are open is occupied by the piston when the valves are closed. If the timing belt lets go while the engine is running the piston will smash the open valves doing loads of damage.
bring #1 piston to top dead center where both intake & exahust valves are in closed position
If the timing is too high on an engine it causes the gas/air mixture to pre-ignite before the piston gets to top-dead-center. All the valves are closed at this time, causing an excessive amount of heat to be stored in the cylinder walls. And the same applies if the timing is too low, but it does it after the piston has passed top-dead-center, and the engine usually runs worse.
When #1 piston is at its upper most position in the cylinder bore and both intake and exhaust valves are closed
ClosedClosed.closedWhen the piston is at top dead center at the beginning of the power stroke both valves are closed, when the piston reaches dead bottom the exhaust valve opens up, when the piston reaches TDC again the intake valve opens, when the piston reaches dead bottom again both valves close to allow compression of the fuel, then at TDC the spark plug fires begins the power stroke again.They will be closed.
In a 2 stroke engine the piston itself is the intake/exhaust valve, instead of having separate valves as in the 4 stroke. The odd shape of the piston is the location of these valves.
With springs.
Also known as a interference engine, A zero tolerance engine is an engine that would damage the valves and likely the pistons without correct timing. This would occur because the valves and piston have the ability to come into contact with each other. With correct timing, this is not an issue because the piston travels away from the valves as they travel into the cylinder. When timing is lost, the piston could travel toward the valves as the valves enter the cylinder, resulting in severe damage to both. This is not an issue in a non interference engine because the piston and valves will not contact each other if timing was lost.
In an engine, the piston's go up and the valve's that are adjacent to that piston go up. When the piston goes down the adjacent valves go down. This is achieved by the timing belt or chain and the engine timing being set correctly. If the belt or chain breaks, the pistons still go up and down, but the valve's stop moving. On a non clearance engine, the piston will go up and hit the valves, resulting in bent valves and a now needed head job. In a clearance engine, the top of the piston has an inset cut into it that is just enough room to avoid hitting the valves.
During the power or combustion stage of a piston cycle, both valves are necessarily closed, because the expansion of gases is driving the piston down.
Remove No. 1 Spark plug Remove valve cover Manually (large socket on crankshaft) rotate engine until No. 1 piston a is at the top of the cylinder Make sure both intake and exhaust valves for this cylinder are closed (compression stroke)
It can if the pistons hit the valves while they are open. The timing chain ensures that when the piston is at the op of it's storke the valves are closed. When the chain breaks the cam stops turning allowing the valves to open and close so if the piston is still trying to travel up in the cyclinder with the valves open it will hit them and bend or break them. Also trying to start the engine with the timing change broken can have the exact same result.