Braking
For rear drive cars - it's called a fishtail. You brakes work better on the front. Anybody who sailed over the handlebars when braking just the front wheel on a bike is called a head plant, (ouch)
In a car without ABS, if you slam on the brakes, your wheels will lock and your car will skid. ABS prevents the wheels from locking by releasing the brakes if you start to loose traction.
A train's brakes start exerting force on the wheels when the brake system is activated by the engineer using either compressed air (pneumatic brakes) or electricity (electric brakes). The force applied by the brakes creates friction between the brake pads and the wheels, which slows down the train.
Rolling wheels have more traction than sliding wheels. Thus you have more control. To illustrate; If you were in a turn and either locked the brakes or accelerated too fast the rear wheels loose traction and the rear of the car starts to pass the front of the car.
ASR is like just as the same as traction control on American cars, if one of the wheels lose traction on the road and spin more than the others the ASR will engage and electronically apply the brakes on that wheel, if it happens on 2 wheels it will apply the brakes to both wheels and slow the engine down.
Friction between the brake pads and the train wheels is the force that ultimately stops the train when the brakes are applied. The brake pads create friction by pressing against the rotating wheels, converting the kinetic energy of the train into heat energy as they slow down the train.
The traction control system has engaged and is applying the brakes and / or altering the power to the drive wheels to control wheel slip. Read your owners manual for specifics.
An anti-lock braking system, or ABS is a safety system which prevents the wheels on a motor vehicle from locking up (or ceasing to rotate) while braking. anti lock brakes were designed so that when you do a "panic stop" or slam on your brakes, it will control your wheels so they dont slip or loose traction.
It maens the computer is controling the amount of slip at the drive wheels either by applying the brakes or by chenging the power distribution to the wheels. This happens in slippery driving conditions.
Probably scoured or warped rotors.
A jet engine has no brakes. Though they do have thrust reversers which change the direction of thrust to slow the aircraft down. Aeroplanes have brakes on the wheels.