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Overlap allows the exiting exhaust gases to help pull the intake air/fuel charge into the cylinder. This increases volumetric efficiency/cylinder filling especially at lower rpms, when intake charge velocity is low (torque builds quicker). More overlap/Narrower LSA(lobe separation angle) usually results in a peaker powerband/higher Tq/Hp #s. Downsides are: some bled-off cylinder pressure, contamination intake charge(part throttle especially), weaker vacuum signal, rougher idle, narrow powerband, poor part throttle running and higher emissions due to both valves being open.

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Q: What is the purpose of valve overlap?
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