ionization
The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is called electron capture. In this process, an electron is absorbed by a proton in the nucleus, converting the proton into a neutron and releasing a neutrino. This results in a more stable arrangement of particles in the nucleus.
The process of removing a nucleus from a cell is called enucleation. This is commonly done in reproductive technologies such as cloning or assisted reproductive procedures.
During electron capture, a proton in the nucleus is converted into a neutron. This process occurs when an electron combines with a proton in the nucleus, resulting in the emission of a neutrino.
In beta decay (β⁻), a neutron converts to a proton, and emits an electron and an electron antineutrino. So the electron wasn't there from the start; it gets created as part of the beta decay.
Enucleation is the name for the process of removing the nucleus from a red blood cell. It is part of the normal process for making RBCs.
You will recall that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom (or in quantum mechanical terms, they surround the nucleus as a cloud). Under some circumstances, one of those orbiting electrons can fall into the nucleus, where it will react with a proton and convert it into a neutron. This is an electron capture process.
The decay process you are referring to is called beta-plus decay, also known as positron emission. In this process, a proton within the nucleus transforms into a neutron by emitting a positron (anti-electron) and an electron neutrino. This results in a decrease of one in the atomic number of the nucleus while the mass number remains constant.
A neutron can transform into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino through a process called beta decay. During beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus of an atom is converted into a proton, an electron (beta particle), and an antineutrino. This process helps maintain the balance of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Simply put, electron capture is a nuclear change that an atom might undergo when there are "too many" protons in its nucleus. This atom is unstable, and an electron from an inner orbit will actually be "pulled into" the nucleus. Once there, the electron will "combine" with a proton, and the proton will be transformed into a neutron. This will result in the formation of a new element as a result of the nuclear transformation.
In beta decay, the electron (or positron) is emitted from the nucleus when a neutron transforms into a proton or vice versa. The electron is released from the nucleus as a result of the decay process, carrying away energy and creating a new element.
When a nucleus has too many protons, it can undergo a process called electron capture where it absorbs an inner-shell electron to convert a proton into a neutron. This process helps to achieve a more stable nuclear configuration by decreasing the proton-to-neutron ratio.
The weak force converts a neutron to a proton, an electron, and a neutrino; in the process called beta decay.