A bar claim action, sometimes referred to as an "action to quiet title", is an action to compel the determination of claim to real property. Different states have different statutes that govern bar claim actions. In New York State, Article 15 of the RPAL (Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law) govern a bar claim action. Generally, one would file a bar claim action to have marketable title to real property. One would typically have to file a bar claim action during the course of bankruptcy, obtaining title through adverse possession, or quieting title to a property acquired by quit claim deed.
-Perrault Jean-Paul
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