Newton's Law:
The starter.
most likely a vaccume leak
Your car stops moving.
When an elevator starts or stops, there is a change in acceleration which causes a shift in forces acting on your body. This sudden change can make you feel a jerk as your body adjusts to the new motion. It's similar to the sensation you feel when a car accelerates or decelerates quickly.
Momentum
Inertia, which is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. When a car stops suddenly, your body continues to move forward due to its inertia until an external force, such as the seatbelt or airbag, stops it.
It sounds like the EGR valve.
That is called inertia. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, which can cause your body to keep moving forward when the car stops suddenly.
Engine STOPS abruptly usually after hearing a series of "Raps"
Well if a cop stops them, they will get arrested and you will be in a lot of trouble.
Check the air filter, it's probably clogged.
Bad battery, most likely.