What does firing after top dead center mean?

Answer 1

Firing after top dead center (ATDC) refers to the timing of a spark or fuel injection in an internal combustion engine, occurring just after the piston has reached its highest point in the cylinder (top dead center). This timing is crucial for optimizing engine performance and efficiency, as it allows for proper combustion of the air-fuel mixture as the piston begins its downward stroke. Firing ATDC can help improve power output and reduce engine knocking by ensuring the combustion process aligns with the piston’s movement. Properly adjusting this timing is essential for the engine's overall performance and emissions control.