What causes a Car to misfire after overheating?

Answer 1

Usually cars that have overheated will continue to run after you turn them off ---which is referred to as diseling (from disel engines). This is caused because the inside of the engine is so hot that the least amount of pressure causes the gas to fire and continue to run for a second or two.

Not sure, but the misfire you observed may be due to pre-mature ignition due to the high heat that resulted in the pistons firing in the wrong order.

You could have also overheated it to the point you blew a head gasket. Check for possible water in your oil or oil in your water. This is a pretty good way of knowing. Otherwise check the compression of each cylinder.