There are many things on a car that are used to reduce pollution. the catalytic converter is a large portion of pollution reduction by burning unburned fuel. The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system adds some of the exhaust/unburned fuel back to the combustion chamber. The Computer Monitors multiple sensors including the oxygen sensors to give optimum fuel delivery to the combustion chamber, burning fuel more efficiently.
With out writing a book here, try a study guide for an automotive class from a local (collage)book store.
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