So long as you are not speeding as you are passing yes. However if the vehicle you are passing is traveling at the speed limit the cop that books you will contend that you had no reason for passing.
In practice, It is acceptable to increase the speed of your vehicle over the legal speed limit to pass or overtake another vehicle. Legally, it is not permitted. If the other vehicle is already at the speed limit, you should not be passing it. If it were a police car you were passing, at any speed above the speed limit, they could stop you.
The speed limit is exactly that - the speed limit. It remains in place even when overtaking another vehicle. Chances are, if you're going five over the speed limit to overtake a vehicle, and a police officer observes it, they'll let it slide. Do 20 over, and they're not going to. However, there is no guarantee - the moment you go over the speed limit, you're subject to be cited for it, even in a passing situation.
In practice, It is acceptable to increase the speed of your vehicle over the legal speed limit to pass or overtake another vehicle. Legally, it is not permitted. If the other vehicle is already at the speed limit, you should not be passing it. If it were a police car you were passing, at any speed above the speed limit, they could stop you.
never
Because - as you overtake the vehicle in front, high-beams will be reflected straight back at the driver - through their mirrors. Low beams are angled more towards the ground.
(in the US) On multi-lane roadways - The far right lane
The speed limit is exactly that - the speed limit. While a reasonable excess of speed might be overlooked when overtaking another vehicle, there is no guarantee. You can be pulled over and cited for speeding, still.
You should only overtake if it is safe to do so.
No, they cannot. A continuous white line means that no vehicle should overtake another, especially when one is turning.
No. If the vehicle you are passing is going at the correct speed, why should you need to overtake. When overtaking a vehicle you should ensure there is enough clear road ahead of you to pass the vehicle without over speeding. If this is not the case you should not attempt an overtaking manoeuvre.
You should use your low beams to avoid blinding the driver ahead as you lights reflect in his mirrors.
For a country with right side traffic you should as a rule overtake a vehicle on its left side. But on a bicycle it's allowed to overtake on the right side as well.