your parents
None, just the student and the instructor.
As many as the car is designed to take.
When the learner has passed their practical driving test you can take them off.
The learner driver was classed as proficient in driving their car
This can vary from state to state. In Maryland for example, a minor with a learner's permit is not allowed to drive with other minors in the car.
in my state yes but that may vary
No other people can be in the car of a learner driver besides the instructor in Victoria. The driver is not allowed to have any sort of passengers while he is learning.
yes
No other people are allowed in the car besides the driver and instructor, so the answer is 0.
In the UK you do not need to have a driving licence or to have passed a driving test to own and register a car in your name, however if you want to use the car on public roads that is a different matter.
yes only if there is an adult in the car