No.
No, there is not a code in California if you run out of gas.
Fill pipe?
If it is a flex fuel vehicle you can burn all you want. If not a flex fuel vehicle immediate damage can result. The Ethanol will damage the seals in the fuel system.
To start a Saturn after running out of gas, a little ether sprayed in the carburetor might help. Another way to start a vehicle after running out of gas is to pump the gas until it gets enough to start.
I never heard of any fuel injectors getting damaged from running out of gas.
If the Vehicle was running when the belt broke then you probably bent some, if not all, the valves. If by chance you werent running it then you might be lucky and the belt is the worst of the damage.
No damage whatsoever, as long as the engine RPM's do not exceed the vehicle's red line.
No. It should be OK.
running out of gas? is it carburated?
Putting gas into the oil of a 4-stroke ATV, and running it can cause damage if oil is diluted enough. Gas is not a lubricant and bearing/cylinder wall damage can occur. drain the oil and refill with clean oil.
Try to get compensation from fuel station