Some states will make you pay for each test - yes.
yes, you have to pay ever time you retake the test
No.
Frankly, because you have to pay it. Most of what you pay for an emissions test is for the city/state permit.
According to http://www.fa-ir.org/alabama/constitution/hidden_taxes.htm"Take a learner's permit test, pay $5. Pass? The permit itself is $20."
Depends on your state. They vary from 10.00 to 25-30.00
If you paid attention in Drivers Ed, no. You should be more concerned with the Road Test.
The process varies by jurisdiction. Generally, you would schedule a road test, pay the fee, and your license is mailed to you.
You have three tries, after that you must retake your permit test
depending on what state you are in you take a written test for the permit and the driving on the driving test.
There are many places to practice taking a driving permit test. You can try http://www.drivingdirectory.com/test/htm to get a free driving permit tst.
The permit expiration date is on the front of the permit.