The external tank was painted white for the first two space shuttle launches (STS-1 and STS-2). The paint was abandoned for two reasons.
1) After both launches, large pieces of paint had been observed flaking off due to booster ignition vibration (ignition shock). To prevent possible damage to the space shuttle heat tiles all future missions omitted the external booster tank paint.
2)In an effort to reduce the Shuttle's overall weight STS-3 and all subsequent missions used an unpainted tank, saving approximately 272 kg (600 lbs). This lack of paint gives the External tank its distinctive orange color.
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The fuel tank is not painted to save weight. Painting adds extra weight to the tank, which would require more fuel to be burned to overcome gravity during launch. Moreover, the insulation foam covering the tank provides sufficient protection by reflecting heat.
The antonym of "space shuttle" could be "earth-bound craft" or "ground-based vehicle" - an object that does not travel to space.
The space shuttle uses its payload bay to carry and deploy satellites into orbit. Once in space, the shuttle releases the satellite and can also assist in maneuvers to position it properly.
As of now, only the United States has operated a space shuttle program. The space shuttles were operated by NASA from 1981 to 2011. Other countries like Russia, China, and the European Space Agency have their own space programs but do not have a space shuttle like the United States.
The space shuttle was a reusable spacecraft used by NASA for various missions, including launching satellites, servicing the Hubble Space Telescope, conducting scientific research, and assembling the International Space Station. It played a crucial role in advancing human space exploration capabilities.
Yes, the space shuttle program was more expensive to operate compared to traditional rockets due to its larger size, complexity, and reusability features. Rockets like the Falcon 9 developed by SpaceX are more cost-effective for launching payloads into space.