The funnel cloud of a tornado is full of water droplets just like an ordinary cloud. As a result it blocks light and may appear dark. A tornado may also appear dark if it is lifting large amounts of dark soil into the air. However, not all tornadoes are dark in color. Front-lit tornadoes may appear light gray or even white. Depending on the soil some tornadoes may be light tan, to reddish brown, to gray in color.
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A tornado that does not touch the ground is a funnel cloud.
No, a funnel cloud is not a tornado. A funnel cloud is a rotating column of air that does not touch the ground. If a funnel cloud reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado.
A funnel cloud may be called a condensation funnel or simply a funnel.
To some extent, yes. A funnel cloud is the visible portion of a tornado. However, not all funnel clouds are tornadoes. If the winds associated with a funnel cloud do not reach the ground then it is not a tornado. Conversely, if the winds do reach the ground the term funnel cloud is not usually used, and the event is simply called a tornado.
A funnel cloud forms when a rotating column of air extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud but does not reach the ground. The spinning motion creates a funnel shape and if the funnel cloud reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado.