The lines are cause by debris from the impact. They are called rays.
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Impact craters, rays, and ejecta blankets are features on the Moon formed by objects crashing into its surface. Impact craters are circular depressions, rays are lines emanating from impact sites, and ejecta blankets are the material thrown out during impact that surrounds the crater.
The dark lines that appear in a spectrum of light from a star are called absorption lines. These lines are caused by the absorption of specific wavelengths of light by elements in the outer atmosphere of the star. Absorption lines help astronomers identify the chemical composition of stars and other celestial objects.
Light coming up from the centre of the Sun goes through the outer layer where it encounters absorbtion by elements in the outer layer, and this gives rise to absorbtion lines in the spectrum.
The sunglasses with lines through them are called "polarized sunglasses." These sunglasses have a special filter that reduces glare from surfaces like water, snow, and roads, providing clearer vision and reducing eye strain.
That line is called the Prime Meridian and it runs from the north pole to the south pole, mostly over the ocean.