Galileo
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Galileo Galilei is the Italian scientist credited with improving the design of the telescope and using it for astronomical observations in the early 17th century.
The definition of a "scientist" is debated, but many consider figures like Aristotle, Galileo, or Isaac Newton to be early influential scientists. Each of these individuals made significant contributions to advancing our understanding of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.
Isaac Newton was the scientist who first discovered that white light is a mixture of a rainbow spectrum of light rays through his experiments with prisms in the 17th century.
Galileo Galilei is the scientist who is said to have gone blind from observing the sun through a telescope. He reportedly suffered retinal damage while studying the sun's sunspots.
The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was the first to observe that the moon had craters. He made this discovery in 1609 through his telescope.