No. But the vision they were based on is fast becoming true. Even as we speak scientists and technicians are perfecting cybernetic limbs to replace our old or damaged ones. Surprisingly it may not seem so farfetched that we would "upgrade" to this kind of life in the future.
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No, cybermen are fictional characters from the TV show Doctor Who. They are a race of cyborgs who seek to convert humans into cybernetic beings.
The Cybermen are from the planet Mondas. They are a race of cyborgs who have replaced their biological bodies with cybernetic enhancements in order to survive.
The Eleventh Doctor, portrayed by Matt Smith, never encountered the Cybermen on screen during his tenure in Doctor Who.
The Cybermen have appeared in the following episodes (including the parallel, Pete's World Cybermen, but not including spin-off shows like Torchwood or audio plays, comic strips, etc.): The Tenth Planet The Moonbase The Tomb of the Cybermen The Wheel in Space The Invasion The War Games (thought projection; cameo) The Mind of Evil (hallucination; archival photo) Carnival of Monsters (again, just a cameo) Revenge of the Cybermen Logopolis (flashback) The Five Doctors Attack of the Cybermen Silver Nemesis Dalek (the displayed head) Parallel: Rise of the Cybermen The Age of Steel Army of Ghosts Human Nature (flashback) The Sound of Drums (flashback) The Next Doctor The Eleventh Hour (hologram) The Pandorica Opens The Big Bang (turned to stone) So, that's 23 appearances in episodes of Doctor Who.
The Cybermen do not come from a planet. They are a race of cyborgs who originated on Earth in the future. Their history involves the gradual replacement of their organic bodies with cybernetic enhancements in order to survive various crises.
In the main run of the show, the 8th and 9th never met Cybermen. The 1st met them once, in 'The Tenth Planet'. The 2nd met them five times - "The Moonbase", "The Tomb of the Cybermen", "The Wheel in Space", "The Invasion" and "The Five Doctors". The 3rd did not meet them in his own episodes, but met them in 5th Doctor story "The Five Doctors". The 4th met them once - "Revenge of the Cybermen". The 5th met them twice - "Earthshock" and "The Five Doctors". The 6th met them once - "Attack of the Cybermen". The 7th met them once - "The Silver Nemesis". The 10th met them four times, in "Rise of the Cybermen/The Age of Steel", and "Army of Ghosts/Doomsday". The 11th met them in "A Good Man Goes to War" and "Closing Time." The 9th never met a live Cyberman, but saw the head of a Mondas Cyberman in a private collection, in "Dalek". When taking into account not-necessarily-canon sources such as novels and comic books, the 8th Doctor actually had a Cyberman companion, one who retained his human personality.