Leonardo de Vinco was able to correctly depict the human form because of his scientific investigations.
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The knowledge we have of these things is from Leonardo's sketchbooks. They are not diaries.
All the human organs were known before Leonardo's time. The novelty was that he made sketches of them.
The Last Supper and the "Vitruvian Man"sketches of the human anatomy
The Last Supper and the "Vitruvian Man"sketches of the human anatomy
the ideal man as proportioned to fit inside a perfect square