For black & white, a safelight (usually red) of proper strength and properly distanced can be used to provide illumination under which one can develop paper prints. This assumes the use of typical (orthochromatic) paper, which is desensitized to red. However, the paper can be fogged if the light is too strong or too close for the total period of time the paper is out of the package until it has gone through the fixing process. Panchromatic paper is sensitive to all colors, therefore it has to be protected from light as if it were color paper.
For color, total darkness is required (obviously except during exposure of the paper). Since that is not practical, developing drums are used to provide the light-tight chamber for the development process.
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Film and photos are developed in a darkroom.
Either expose the remaining film or, in a perfectly dark room (or a "dark room" lighted only with red light), advance the film and work the shutter as if taking photos or open the camera, remove the film and manually roll the film onto the take-up roll. If you do any of these things in a dark room or "dark room," the film will not be exposed but, unless you have photographer's equipment and skills, you will not be able to use the unexposed portion.
No, it's not like printing. The principle is comparable to the old-fashioned developing of photos in baths with chemicals in a dark room. Only here each Polaroid film pack that you buy is an envelope that contains all the chemical layers to expose, develop, and fix the photo.
The little boy was scared of the dark room at the end of the hall.
Light colors reflect and dark colors absorb.