They didn't support freedom for enslaved African Americans
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act is said to be the cause of the Whig Party to dissolve. The Whigs had previously united the battling interest groups in the North and the South. Southern Democrats and Northern Democrats also split apart. As many southerners and northerners could no longer use the Whigs as a uniting party, the Whigs fell apart.
Many Southern delegates walked out of the Democratic Convention after it refused to include a plank to defend slavery in the platform. They later met and nominated their own pro-slavery candidate. This obviously split the Democrat vote and made it easier for the Republican, Lincoln, to win.
Democratic Party candidate Harry Truman won the 1948 presidential election defeating Republican Party candidate Thomas Dewey.
As of May 2014, there are 53 Democrats in the US Senate and 45 Republicans. There are also two independents, Bernie Sanders of VT and Angus King of ME, who are not members of either political party. However, they caucus with the Democratic Party, meaning, for purposes of committees and such, they "count as" Democrats.
That's sort of a vague question, but generally speaking, Democrats are as split as the rest of the country on what to do about guns. Obama has signed every piece of NRA supported legislation that has come to his desk. Many Democrats are NRA members and many support positions that the NRA would not agree with.