Veins are not actually darker than arteries. In fact, on dissection, veins and arteries are both a whitish color. The reason that they are more visible is because there are larger veins that are located closer to the surface of the skin than arteries. Veins also tend to have thinner walls, making the blood inside them more visible.
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Both are part of your circulatory system and both carry blood. The arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and then to the capillaries for the oxygen to be used. After the oxygen is taken from the blood, the deoxyginated blood goes back to the heart through the veins. Veins also tend to be smaller.
People think that the blood in veins is blue and in arteries it is red. But the color is the same, the hue is different. The arteries (usually) carry blood that is higher in oxygen and they appear lighter red. The veins (usually) carry blood lower in oxygen and they appear darker red. The tan you mention is due to the color of your skin with the color of the vein and artery underneath.
Veins carry deoxygenated blood, which seen darker than arteries. arteries carry oxygenated blood.
Retinal veins are larger than retinal arteries. Retinal veins are between 2/3 to 3/4 times larger than the arteries of the retina. Retinal vein are also darker red then the arteries.
The amount of muscle in veins and arteries varies in the sense that arteries are more muscular than veins to give them extra elasticity and strength to deal with surges of blood.
Capillaries service cells, arteries and veins transport blood to and from capillaries, respectively.
The tunica media of arteries is larger than that of veins of same size.The tunica adventitia is larger in veins than arteries of same size.
No, veins carry blood at a lower pressure than arteries. Blood in arteries is propelled by heart contractions. Venous blood is propelled only by body movement and gravity.