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Do molecules bond together to form electrons?
No, atoms do not bond to form electrons because electrons cannot be "formed" in this manner. Instead, bonds are formed when atoms share the electrons they possesses. Each atom wants to gain a full octet of electrons in its outermost shell. Until the atom has eight, it cannot be happy and remains "unstable." So, through the process of bonding, an atom will share its valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell) with another atom. This way, each atom can satisfy its octet and be happy.
Why don't atoms lose and gain electrons when covalent bonding occurs?
Because the atoms having covalent bonds "share" the involved electrons equally. This is one of the effects of Quantum Mechanics, the shape of the orbital probability cloud containing the electrons in these bonds changes shape to encompass both atoms valence bands.
Is this true atoms lose protons but seldom lose or gain electrons?
i really don't know so can someone answer it that knows
How is the valence electrons of an atom related to a chemical bonding?
The valence electrons are the only electrons that are involved in chemical bonding. These electrons can be shared or transferred. A simple rule of thumb is that atoms "strive" to attain the octet either by loss gain or sharing of electrons.
Will an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell gain 5 electrons in its second shell?
No not if you mean gain to become a 5- anion. Possibly if you mean share 5 to become a covalent molecule. This is really a discussion about boron. There are a number of choices for boron, lose 3 to become B3+ , gain 5 to become B5-, share electrons to achieve the octet. B3+ and covalency look the best options. B3+ does not exist-- reasons the sum of the first 3 ionization potentials for B is high 6900kJ/mol (compared to Al with about 5000 kj/mol), B3+ if formed it would be really small and polarising- and an ionic bond would be impossible. Covalency is a good option, B will form 3 covalent bonds say with a chlorine or hydrogen and then needs an extra 2 say from a ligand with a lone pair such as Cl-, or H- to form tetrahedral anions
