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1) Methane is produced by vegetation that is buried and being turned into coal. The heat and temperature result in the liberation of methane from more complex organic molecules.
2) Methane is produced by bacteria breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, plant material at the bottom of stagnant lakes for example.
3) Methane is produced when clathrates warm up. Clathrates are complex compounds of water and hydrocarbons, and many millions of tonnes exist at the bottom of the ocean and in the tundra.
4) Methane is produced in the stomachs of ruminant animals such as cows and sheep by the breakdown of plant material in their stomachs.

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