What are the parts from the constitution that no longer apply?

Answer 1

Parts of the Constitution as originally approved have been changed by amendments. The first ten amendments to the constitution were, in general, additions to the constitution. Parts of the original constitution that have changed include amendments such as the one that provided for the direct election of United States Senators (they were once appointed by the individual State Legislatures.)

Although the Fourteenth Amendment profoundly changed the relationship between the constitution and each citizen (by saying that all citizens had equal rights under the law and making the Bill of Rights applicable to all citizens) it was not an amendment that repealed any part of the original constitution specifically. But it did directly and fundamentally change portions of the original constitution in many ways.

The Fourteenth Amendment changed the qualifications for elective national office by saying that officers of any state in rebellion against the United States were ineligible for such office, but this provision has essentially 'died off' as no one alive today meets that disqualification.