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The walls of the heart are made up of three layers of cardiac muscle called epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. These muscle layers are made up of different things.

The outermost layer is the thin epicardium muscular covering of the heart. This layer is made up of mostly connective tissue and fat.

The inside layer is a thick layer of muscle called the myocardium which is made up of cardiomyocytes, excitable cells that can propagate quickly and can spread their action potentials to surrounding cells. Each cell can physically contract to make the heart muscle shorten. This is the largest layer and accounts for about 80% of the heart.

The inner lining muscle layer of the heart is a smooth membrane called endocardium. It is made up of endothelial cells just like the linings of the blood vessels.

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15y ago

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