Prostoglandins are chemical mediators. These are released from mammalian cells and effect the cells in their immediate viccinity. They produce what's known as an inflammatory response. Prostoglandins are found in cell membranes, they are released due to injury. They cause the dilation of small arteries and arterioles and increase the permeability of the capillaries. They affect neurotransmitters and blood pressure and hence pain sensation.
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