If ambient temperature is higher than 0'C or 32'F you can use water as a temporary substitute but may boil on hot days in traffic. Typical Ethylene/Propylene glycol antifreeze has a boiling point of 188'C (370'F) and a freezing point of -40'C (-40'F). A common blend of 50% water to 50% antifreeze will boil at around 140'C (284'F)
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The normal direction of circulation in the coolant system would push the coolant out the thermostat opening.
It cycles coolant through the engine. Heat from the engine is transferred to the coolant through a heat exchange. The heated coolant then cycles through the system to the radiator, where heat from the coolant undergoes another heat exchange, transferring heat from the coolant to the air which passes through the radiator. Heat will also transfer from the motor to the air forced over the motor by the engine fan.
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The Mini Cooper uses a blue dyed ethyl glycol coolant. The original green engine coolant will blend well with the BMW/ Mini coolant.
Full strength antifreeze (coolant) is about $9-$12 per gallon. The premix (50/50)coolant is a few dollars cheaper.